Al-Takāful Al-Ijtimāʿī Secara Etimologi dan Terminologi Menurut Konteks Bahasa Al-Quran dan Hadis
Al-Takāful Al-Ijtimāʿī Etymologically and Terminologically in The Context of Al-Quran and Hadīth
Abstract
This study focuses on the effects and influences of dilālah al-alfāẓ (semantic) that exist in the Quran and hadīth (Prophet’s traditions) in defining the concept of al-takāful al-ijtimāʿī. Al-Quran as al-iʿjāz al-balāghī (literary miracles) and hadīth that is characterized by its nature of jawāmiʿ al-kalim (having several meaning for one word) both have their own special linguistic distinctions. Both of them have their own effects in defining certain concepts that exist in Islamic sciences. This study finds that comprehending the dilālah of the word kafala in the context of al-Quran and hadīth is important in order to understand the whole concept of al-takāful al-ijtimāʿī. Some scholars confined the etymological meaning of the word kafala as a process of fulfilling the children’s maslahah (public interest). This confinement then led to a linguistic limitation of understanding the word kafala, forcing some of the contemporary scholars defining the concept of al-takāful al-ijtimāʿī outside of its etymological meaning in order to expand its meaning terminologically. A thorough understanding of the context and semantic aspects of a certain word that exists in al-Quran and hadīth is an important process, especially in defining certain concepts etymologically or terminologically. This aims to construct solid disciplines and clear overview of those concepts. The finding of this study suggests that the word kafala is actually used in a much wider context; this is according to the hadīth of the Ghāmidiyyah women. The word itself encompasses the meaning of fulfilling the maslahah as general, comprising children and adults.
ABSTRAK
Kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada kesan dan pengaruh dilālah al-alfāẓ (semantik) dalam Al-Quran dan hadis terhadap pendefinisian konsep al-takāful al-ijtimāʿī. Al-Quran yang merupakan al-iʿjāz al-balāghī (mukjizat sastera) dan hadis Rasulullah SAW yang bersifat jawāmiʿ al-kalim (kekayaan maksud dalam suatu lafaz) masing-masing mempunyai laras bahasa yang istimewa. Kedua-duanya mempunyai kesan yang tersendiri terhadap pendefinisian sesuatu konsep dalam ilmu-ilmu Islam. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa memahami dilālah perkataan kafala dalam konteks al-Quran dan hadis amat penting bagi mendapatkan pemahaman sebenar mengenai konsep al-takāful al-ijtimāʿī. Sebahagian ulama menghadkan maksud etimologi perkataan kafala kepada proses menjaga kemaslahatan kanak-kanak berdasarkan pemahaman mereka tentang dilālah perkataan ini menurut konteks al-Quran. Berlaku limitasi bahasa terhadap maksud perkataan kafala ini, sehingga menyebabkan sebahagian ulama era ini telah mendefinisikan konsep al-takāful al-ijtimāʿī luar daripada konteks etimologi perkataan itu sendiri, demi meluaskan penggunaannya secara terminologi. Pemahaman menyeluruh terhadap konteks penggunaan dan semantik sesuatu perkataan dalam al-Quran dan hadis amat penting, terutamanya dalam mendefinisikan sesuatu sama ada pemahaman secara etimologi atau terminologi, sehingga membentuk disiplin dan gambaran konsep yang kukuh serta menyeluruh. Hasil dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan penggunaan perkataan kafala dalam konteks hadis sebenarnya membawa maksud yang lebih luas berdasarkan hadis wanita Ghāmidiyyah. Hakikatnya, ia meliputi proses menjaga kemaslahatan kanak-kanak mahupun dewasa.
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